Kitchen Knife Skills 101 🔪

Your go-to cheat sheet for essential cuts, dimensions, and knife maintenance.

Essential Cuts

Julienne

Also known as the matchstick cut. Essential for stir-fries, garnishes, and making brunoise.

1/8" × 1/8" × 2"

Fine Julienne

A thinner version of the standard julienne. Often used for elegant garnishes or raw vegetables.

1/16" × 1/16" × 2"

Brunoise

The finest dice, produced by first cutting a julienne, then dicing it into tiny, uniform cubes. Great for soups and sauces.

1/8" × 1/8" × 1/8"

Fine Brunoise

Produced by dicing a fine julienne. Used for delicate consommé garnishes.

1/16" × 1/16" × 1/16"

Batonnet

A thicker stick cut, resembling a thick French fry. This is the starting point for a small dice.

1/4" × 1/4" × 2"

Small Dice

Created by dicing a batonnet. Also known as Macédoine. Perfect for mirepoix in hearty soups.

1/4" × 1/4" × 1/4"

Medium Dice

Also known as Parmentier. A larger cube suitable for stews and roasting vegetables.

1/2" × 1/2" × 1/2"

Large Dice

Also known as Carré. Used for long-cooking root vegetables or making stocks where the veg will be strained out.

3/4" × 3/4" × 3/4"

Chiffonade

Used for leafy herbs and greens (like basil or spinach). Stack the leaves, roll them into a tight cigar, and slice thinly into ribbons.

Thin Ribbons

Mince

A very fine, somewhat irregular cut. Smaller than a brunoise. Most commonly used for garlic, ginger, and shallots to quickly release flavor.

< 1/8" Irregular

Common Knife Types

Chef's Knife

The workhorse of the kitchen. Usually 8-10 inches long with a curved blade that allows for a rocking motion while chopping. Used for 90% of kitchen tasks.

Chopping Slicing Dicing

Santoku

A Japanese-style general-purpose knife. Features a straighter edge than a Western chef's knife and often has a Granton edge (dimples) to prevent food from sticking.

Push-cutting Precision

Paring Knife

A small knife with a 3-4 inch blade. Designed for intricate work, peeling, coring, and delicate trimming where a chef's knife is too unwieldy.

Peeling Trimming

Serrated / Bread Knife

Features a scalloped edge that acts like a saw. Essential for cutting through foods with hard exteriors and soft interiors without crushing them.

Bread Tomatoes Citrus

Cleaver (Meat Cleaver)

A heavy, thick rectangular blade designed to hack through meat, bone, and cartilage. Unlike other knives, it relies on momentum and weight.

Bones Heavy Duty

Maintenance & Safety

Honing vs. Sharpening

These are two different processes that serve distinct purposes:

  • Honing (Honing Steel): Realigns the microscopic edge of the blade that gets bent during normal use. It does not remove metal. Should be done frequently (before or after every use). Use a 15-20 degree angle.
  • Sharpening (Whetstone): Removes metal to create a brand new edge when the knife is actually dull. Only needs to be done a few times a year for a home cook.
The Pinch Grip

The safest and most controlled way to hold a chef's knife:

  • Grip the handle with your bottom three fingers.
  • Pinch the base of the blade (the bolster) between your thumb and the side of your index finger.
  • This provides superior balance, control, and prevents the knife from twisting in your hand.
The Guide Hand (The Claw)

How to hold the food you are cutting to prevent injury:

  • Curl your fingers inward like a bear claw.
  • Rest your fingertips on the food, tucking them back.
  • Rest the flat side of the knife blade against your middle knuckle.
  • Slide your hand back as you cut, using the knuckle to guide the blade.
Stabilizing the Cutting Board

A sliding cutting board is incredibly dangerous. To secure it:

  • Place a damp paper towel or a thin, damp kitchen towel flat underneath the board.
  • Alternatively, use a dedicated non-slip silicone mat under the board.
  • Ensure the board sits completely flat and does not wobble.
Cleaning and Storage
  • Never put good knives in the dishwasher. High heat, harsh detergents, and rattling against other items will ruin the edge and the handle.
  • Hand wash with warm soapy water immediately after use and dry completely with a towel to prevent rust (especially important for carbon steel).
  • Store on a magnetic wall strip, in a dedicated block, or in a drawer using an edge guard/saya. Never toss them loosely into a utensil drawer.

Why Master Knife Skills?

Knife skills are the foundation of all culinary arts. Mastering them isn't just about looking like a professional; it fundamentally changes how your food cooks and tastes. Uniform cuts—whether a meticulous brunoise or a simple medium dice—ensure that ingredients cook evenly. If you have wildly different sized pieces of potato in a stew, some will turn to mush while others remain crunchy.

Furthermore, good knife skills drastically reduce your prep time and make cooking more enjoyable. Once muscle memory takes over, what used to be a tedious chore becomes a swift, satisfying rhythm.

Choosing the Right Knife

You don't need a massive block of 15 knives. A well-equipped kitchen really only requires three essential blades: an 8-inch chef's knife, a serrated bread knife, and a paring knife.

How to Practice Safely

The irony of kitchen knives is that a sharp knife is much safer than a dull one. A dull knife requires excessive force to cut, increasing the likelihood that it will slip off the food and cut you instead. Keep your knives honed.

When practicing, start incredibly slow. Focus entirely on your form: the pinch grip on your cutting hand, and the claw grip on your guiding hand. Speed comes naturally with repetition. A great way to practice is on inexpensive, uniform vegetables like potatoes or carrots. Square off the sides to create a stable base, slice into planks, then sticks (batonnet), and finally dice.